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HS-P3.4: Select appropriate tools to collect, record, analyze, and evaluate data.

Planning and Carrying Out Investigations, Analyzing and Interpreting Data, Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking, Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions, Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information HS-C7.2: Change and rates of change can be quantified and modeled over very short or very long periods of time. HS-C5.2: Changes of energy and matter in a system can be described in terms of energy and matter flows into, out of, and within that system. HS-C4.3: Models (e.g., physical, mathematical, computer models) can be used to simulate systems and interactions-including energy, matter, and information flows-within and between systems at different scales. HS-C3.5: Algebraic thinking is used to examine scientific data and predict the effect of a change in one variable on another (e.g., linear growth vs. HS-C2.2: Cause and effect relationships can be suggested and predicted for complex natural and human designed systems by examining what is known about smaller scale mechanisms within the system. HS-C2.1: Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. HS-C1.5: Empirical evidence is needed to identify patterns.

HS-C1.4: Mathematical representations are needed to identify some patterns Patterns, Cause and effect, Scale, Proportion and Quantity, Systems and System Models, Energy and Matter, Stability and Change The outcomes predicted by global climate models strongly depend on the amounts of human-generated greenhouse gases added to the atmosphere each year and by the ways in which these gases are absorbed by the ocean and biosphere.

HS-ESS2.D4: Current models predict that, although future regional climate changes will be complex and varied, average global temperatures will continue to rise. HS-ESS2.D1: The foundation for Earth’s global climate systems is the electromagnetic radiation from the sun, as well as its reflection, absorption, storage, and redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems, and this energy’s re-radiation into space. These changes can occur on a variety of time scales from sudden (e.g., volcanic ash clouds) to intermediate (ice ages) to very long-term tectonic cycles. HS-ESS2.A3: The geological record shows that changes to global and regional climate can be caused by interactions among changes in the sun’s energy output or Earth’s orbit, tectonic events, ocean circulation, volcanic activity, glaciers, vegetation, and human activities.